TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Effect of frequency of parent to child maltreatment on symptoms of anxiety disorder in Pakistani adolescents: a community based cohort study
JO  - Child abuse and neglect
A1  - Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali
A1  - Pasha, Aneela
A1  - Allana, Asad
A1  - Khaliq, Asif
A1  - Farooq, Salima
A1  - Ali, Naureen Akber
A1  - Nathwani, Apsara Ali
A1  - Azam, Syed Iqbal
SP  - e105872
EP  - e105872
VL  - 133
IS  - 
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between Parent to Child Maltreatment and the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms among Pakistani adolescents under 18 years. <br><br>METHOD: A prospective study was conducted to examine the effect of frequency of Parent to child maltreatment (PTC) on the occurrence of anxiety disorders in a community setting. A sample of 800 adolescents who reported none to rare, occasional, and frequent were followed for the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms over two years. PTC was evaluated using ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool). Anxiety disorder symptoms were evaluated using the SCARED (Screen for children anxiety-related disorders) tool. Risk ratios were estimated using Cox Proportional Algorithm. <br><br>RESULTS: The risk of occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms in adolescents who have exposure to frequent PTC is 3.8 times (2.9, 4.9) as compared to those with none to rare exposure to PTC. Among adolescents suffering frequent PTC whose, mothers also reported a history of domestic violence, the risk of anxiety disorder symptoms is 3 times (2.2, 4.1) higher. Female gender (RR 1.5; 1.2-1.9), stressful home environment (RR 1.4; 1.1-1.8), and parental substance abuse (RR 1.6; 1.2-2.0) are significant predictors of anxiety disorder symptoms. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Frequent PTC is significantly associated with the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms among Pakistani adolescents. Given these findings, there is a dire need to develop specific interventions to address anxiety disorder symptoms among adolescents and to develop programs to prevent parent to child maltreatment.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0145-2134
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105872
ID  - ref1
ER  -