TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - The stability of self-reported professional football concussion history among former players: a longitudinal NFL-LONG study
JO  - Brain injury
A1  - Kerr, Zachary Yukio
A1  - Chandran, Avinash
A1  - Brett, Benjamin L.
A1  - Walton, Samuel R.
A1  - DeFreese, J. D.
A1  - Mannix, Rebekah
A1  - Echemendia, Ruben J.
A1  - McCrea, Michael A.
A1  - Guskiewicz, Kevin M.
A1  - Meehan, William P. 3rd
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To examine the stability of former National Football League (NFL) players' recall of professional football concussion. <br><br>METHODS: Two-hundred-and-nine former NFL players (ceasing football participation before/in 2001) completed surveys in 2001, 2010, and 2019 and reported the number of concussions sustained during their professional careers (0, 1 … 10, >10). Participants were categorized into four 'recall stability' groups, based upon concussion recall [e.g., 'Same' (same number recalled), 'Increased' (more recalled than in prior time point)]. In 2019, participants completed measures of functioning (e.g., PROMIS Cognitive Function, Anxiety, Depression). Fleiss Kappa and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM)-based ordinal measures Kappa assessed stability across time points. 'Recall stability group' functioning scores were compared. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 45.9% recalled more concussions over time; 14.8% reported the same number. Fleiss Kappa and GLMM-based ordinal measures Kappa suggested fair (0.22, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.38) and moderate stability (0.41, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.46), respectively. Higher cognitive functioning (P = 0.002), lower anxiety (P = 0.003), and lower depression (P = 0.007) were observed in the 'Same' vs 'Increased' groups. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite subtle time-based variations in reporting, professional football concussion history recall was relatively stable. Better cognitive and psychological functioning was associated with greater stability in concussion recall.    Keywords: American football <p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0269-9052
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2022.2109739
ID  - ref1
ER  -