TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Fathers, mothers and family violence: which risk factors contribute to the occurrence of child maltreatment and exposure to intimate partner violence in early childhood? Findings in a German longitudinal in-depth study
JO  - Child abuse and neglect
A1  - Liel, Christoph
A1  - Eickhorst, Andreas
A1  - Zimmermann, Peter
A1  - Stemmler, Mark
A1  - Walper, Sabine
SP  - e105373
EP  - e105373
VL  - 123
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Family violence, especially child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, in early childhood has a strong impact on negative developmental outcomes. There is evidence of child, parental, and family risk factors. Less is known about paternal than maternal risk factors. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To identify maternal and paternal predictors of family violence and predictive constellations of risk factors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: According to psychosocial adversity in a larger study, families were stratified into low-, medium- and high-risk groups. Both, mothers and fathers (n = 197/191), were investigated longitudinally across seven months using self-report questionnaires and ratings of the IFEEL Pictures. <br><br>METHODS: χ(2)-tests, logistic regression models, and prediction configural frequency analysis (P-CFA) were employed. <br><br>RESULTS: Univariate predictors (p < .05) were anxiety and stress in mothers, and insensitivity in recognizing negative child emotions in fathers. Within high-risk levels, paternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were a predictor (z = 2.92, p > .01), proven by P-CFA. Logistic regression models including family violence at baseline, sociodemographic variables, univariate predictors, and ACE of both parents revealed maternal anxiety (OR = 1.22, p < .05) and low paternal recognition of negative IFEEL Pictures (OR = 6.00, p < .05) as predictors. P-CFA identified socioemotional problems in children and low paternal recognition of negative child emotions as a predictive risk constellation (z = 2.58, p > .01). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Analysis of both caregivers in small population samples with oversampled at-risk families leads to a systemic perspective of family violence. The identified risk constellation is highly relevant for early childhood intervention.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0145-2134
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105373
ID  - ref1
ER  -