TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Nonmedical use of tramadol among secondary school students in Benin, Africa
JO  - American journal of drug and alcohol abuse encompassing all addictive disorders
A1  - Bio-Sya, Assad
A1  - Gandjo, Henri Joël
A1  - Klikpo, Elvyre T. E.
A1  - Kouglenou, Odile
A1  - Agbanlinsou, Arnaud C.
A1  - Damien, Georgia Barikissou
A1  - Kpatchavi, Adolphe C.
A1  - Allabi, Aurel C.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - BACKGROUND: Nonmedical use of tramadol among the young Beninese population is an increasing public health concern. However, there is little research on tramadol use in West Africa.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, factors associated with nonmedical use of tramadol and to determine the level of therapeutic intervention needed.<br><br>METHODS: A cross-sectional study design and multi-stage sampling method was used among 384 secondary school students, within the age group of 10-24 years old who gave their consent/assent. An interviewer-administered modified questionnaire based on ASSIST was administered. Urinary toxicological test was performed using NarcoCheck® quick for qualitative detection of tramadol or its metabolites. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with nonmedical use of tramadol.<br><br>RESULTS: The average age of our respondents was 17 ± 2 SD years old; 58.3% were males and 41.7% females. The lifetime prevalence of nonmedical use of tramadol was 9.6% (95% CI: 6.7-12.6) (13.4% males and 4.4% females) and the average age at onset was 14.8 ± 1.8 years old. Only 1.4% (n = 4) were using tramadol as shown by urine screen. Among users, 45.9% reported a hazardous level of use and required a brief intervention. In a multivariate logistic regression model, tobacco (P < .001), cannabis (p = .023) and amphetamine (p = .037) were significantly associated with nonmedical use of tramadol. The most prevalent motives for nonmedical use of tramadol was experimentation (45.9%) and the leading source for obtaining tramadol was street-level markets (86.5%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results indicate that nonmedical use of tramadol affects young in Benin and represent a considerable concern among secondary school students.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0095-2990
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2021.1955897
ID  - ref1
ER  -