TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Health effects of exposure to chlorination by-products in swimming pools: Position Paper
JO  - Allergy
A1  - Couto, Mariana
A1  - Bernard, Alfred
A1  - Delgado, Luis
A1  - Drobnic, Franchek
A1  - Kurowski, Marcin
A1  - Moreira, André
A1  - Rodrigues-Alves, Rodrigo
A1  - Rukhadze, Maia
A1  - Seys, Sven
A1  - Wiszniewska, Marta
A1  - Quirce, Santiago
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disinfectants used in swimming-pools. Among the disinfection options, the approaches using chlorine-based products have been typically preferred. Chlorine readily reacts with natural organic matter that are introduced in the water mainly through the bathers, leading to the formation of potentially harmful chlorination by-products (CBPs). The formation of CBPs is of particular concern since some have been epidemiologically associated with the development of various clinical manifestations. The higher the concentration of volatile CBPs in the water, the higher their concentration in the air above the pool, and different routes of exposure to chemicals in swimming-pools (water ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation) contribute to the individual exposome. Some CBPs may affect the respiratory and skin health of those who stay indoor for long periods, such as swimming instructors, pool staff, and competitive swimmers. Whether those who use chlorinated-pools as customers, particularly children, may also be affected has been a matter of debate. In this article, we discuss the current evidence regarding the health effects of both acute and chronic exposures in different populations (work-related exposures, intensive sports and recreational attendance) and identify the main recommendations and unmet needs for research in this area.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0105-4538
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.15014
ID  - ref1
ER  -