TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - Assessing alcohol consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology: Spain as a case study
JO  - Drug and alcohol dependence
A1  - López-García, Ester
A1  - Pérez-López, Carlos
A1  - Postigo, Cristina
A1  - Andreu, Vicente
A1  - Bijlsma, Lubertus
A1  - González-Mariño, Iria
A1  - Hernández, Félix
A1  - Marcé, Rosa Maria
A1  - Montes, Rosa
A1  - Picó, Yolanda
A1  - Pocurull, Eva
A1  - Rico, Andreu
A1  - Rodil, Rosario
A1  - Rosende, María
A1  - Valcárcel, Yolanda
A1  - Zuloaga, Olatz
A1  - Quintana, José Benito
A1  - López de Alda, Miren
SP  - e108241
EP  - e108241
VL  - 215
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: In this study, an alternative and complementary method to those approaches currently used to estimate alcohol consumption by the population is described. This method, known as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), allows back-calculating the alcohol consumption rate in a given population from the concentrations of a selected biomarker measured in wastewater.     METHODS: Composite (24-h) wastewater samples were collected at the inlet of 17 wastewater treatment plants located in 13 Spanish cities for seven consecutive days in 2018. The sampled area covered 12.8% of the Spanish population. Wastewater samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of ethyl sulfate, the biomarker used to back-calculate alcohol consumption.     RESULTS: Alcohol consumption ranged from 4.5 to 46 mL/day/inhabitant. Differences in consumption were statistically significant among the investigated cities and between weekdays and weekends. WBE-derived estimates of alcohol consumption were comparable to those reported by its corresponding region in the Spanish National Health Survey in most cases. At the national level, comparable results were obtained between the WBE-derived annual consumption rate (5.7 ± 1.2 L ethanol per capita (aged 15+)) and that reported by the National Health Survey (4.7 L ethanol per capita (aged 15+)).     CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest WBE study carried out to date in Spain to estimate alcohol consumption rates. It confirms that this approach is useful for establishing spatial and temporal patterns of alcohol consumption, which could contribute to the development of health care management plans and policies. Contrary to established methods, it allows obtaining information in a fast and relatively economical way.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0376-8716
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108241
ID  - ref1
ER  -