TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - The roles of phosphatidylethanol (PEth), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in identifying alcohol consumption among participants in professionals' health programs
JO  - Drug testing and analysis
A1  - Reisfield, Gary M.
A1  - Teitelbaum, Scott A.
A1  - Large, Shannon O.
A1  - Jones, Joseph
A1  - Morrison, Deborah G.
A1  - Lewis, Ben
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Direct alcohol biomarkers, including urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG), urinary ethyl sulfate (EtS), and blood phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are used to monitor alcohol abstinence in individuals who are mandated to abstain. In this consecutive case-series study, we examined 1,000 forensic reports of participants enrolled in a professionals health program who were contractually obligated to remain abstinent from alcohol and who underwent recovery status evaluations. We identified 52 evaluations in which urinary EtG, EtS, and blood PEth were measured and produced a positive result for at least one of these analytes. PEth, at a cutoff concentration of 20 ng/mL, revealed alcohol use more frequently than EtG or EtS at our laboratory's cutoff concentrations of 100 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL, respectively. This was true, as well, at alternative EtG/EtS cutoff concentrations of 200/50 ng/mL, 300/75 ng/mL, and 400/100 ng/mL. PEth was more likely than EtG/EtS to be positive in participants previously diagnosed with alcohol use disorders, while EtG/EtS was more likely than PEth to be positive in participants without alcohol use disorders. In this study, blood PEth was the most sensitive biomarker for evidencing alcohol use.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1942-7603
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2809
ID  - ref1
ER  -