TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2009//
TI  - Design, construction, and testing of a stereo-photogrammetric tool for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome in infants
JO  - IEEE Trans Med Imaging
A1  - Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E. M.
A1  - Smit, Julian
A1  - Hoyme, H. Eugene
A1  - Kalberg, Wendy
A1  - Viljoen, Denis L.
A1  - Meintjes, Ernesta M.
A1  - Douglas, Tania S.
SP  - 1448
EP  - 1458
VL  - 28
IS  - 9
N2  - Stereo-photogrammetry provides a low cost, easy to use, and noninvasive alternative to traditional facial anthropometry for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We describe such a system for use in obtaining 3-D facial information in infants. The infant is photographed using three high resolution digital cameras simultaneously while seated in a car seat. The subject's head is enclosed in a control frame during imaging. Technical system tests, namely control frame interpolation, camera calibration reliability, and camera synchronization delay assessments were performed. Direct and stereo-photogrammetric measurements of a doll were compared. Of 275 inter-landmark distances, 100% were within a 1.5 mm error range and 92.36% within a 1 mm error range when the two modalities were compared. Stereo-photogrammetry proved to be highly precise with submillimeter error in landmark placement for all landmarks on the doll. An intra-modality comparison of inter-landmark distances using two sets of images of five subjects showed the stereo-photogrammetric system to be highly reliable, with an average 72.25% of distances within a 1 mm error range. The system has potential for large scale screening and surveillance studies for FAS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1558-254X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2009.2017375
ID  - ref1
ER  -