TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Humidifier disinfectant and use characteristics associated with lung injury in Korea
JO  - Indoor air
A1  - Ryu, Seung-Hun
A1  - Park, Dong-Uk
A1  - Lee, Eun
A1  - Park, Soyoung
A1  - Lee, So-Yeon
A1  - Jung, Sungsu
A1  - Hong, Sang Bum
A1  - Park, Jihoon
A1  - Hong, Soo-Jong
SP  - 735
EP  - 747
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - Since around the year 2000, hundreds of people in Korea have developed humidifier disinfectant associated lung injury (HDLI). We collected all HD exposure-related information from the field investigations into the locations in which the 1,199 registered patients had used HD. Among the people who registered, 38% (1<sup>st</sup> round=214, 2<sup>nd</sup> =73, 3<sup>rd</sup> =166) were confirmed as HDLI patients. Children aged under eight years old made up the highest proportion of HDLI cases (N =279, 62%), followed by pregnant women (N=31, 7%). One hundred thirty-three (29%) of the confirmed HDLI patients died. Fifty-seven percent of HDLI patients (N=259) developed HDLI after less than one year of HD use. The number of HDLI patients who used only the Oxy Saksak HD brand was found to be 176 (39%), followed by the brands Cefu (N=27, 6%) and Aekyung (N=22, 5%). HD products containing only polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) were the most frequently used among HDLI patients (N=234, 52%), followed by oligo (2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl guanidinium (PGH) (N=27, 6%) and a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) (N=26, 6%). The average PHMG-P inhalation level estimated from the patient group classified as suffering lung injury definitely associated with HD use was 145.1 μg/m<sup>3</sup> (N=91, SD=395.1 μg/m<sup>3</sup> ), higher than levels estimated from both the probable and possible HDLI patient groups. In conclusion, HD exposure-related variables, including type of HD brand and estimated inhalation HD level, were associated with the risk of HDLI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0905-6947
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12585
ID  - ref1
ER  -