TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - The prospective relationship between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older adults from Central and Eastern Europe
JO  - Journal of epidemiology and community health
A1  - Bertossi Urzua, Carla
A1  - Ruiz, Milagros A.
A1  - Pajak, Andrzej
A1  - Kozela, Magdalena
A1  - Kubinova, Ruzena
A1  - Malyutina, Sofia
A1  - Peasey, Anne
A1  - Pikhart, Hynek
A1  - Marmot, Michael
A1  - Bobak, Martin
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Social cohesion has a potential protective effect against depression, but evidence for Central and Eastern Europe is lacking. We investigated the prospective association between social cohesion and elevated depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland, and assessed whether alcohol drinking and smoking mediated this association. <br><br>METHODS: Cohort data from 15 438 older urban participants from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe project were analysed. Baseline social cohesion was measured by five questions, and depressive symptoms were measured 3 years later by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) Scale. Nested logistic regression models estimated ORs of elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D 10 score ≥4) by z-scores and tertiles of social cohesion. <br><br>RESULTS: Per 1 SD decrease in social cohesion score, adjusted ORs of elevated depressive symptoms were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.13) in men and women, respectively. Further adjustment for smoking and drinking did not attenuate these associations in either men (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22) or women (OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13). Similarly, the fully adjusted ORs comparing the lowest versus highest social cohesion tertile were 1.33 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.62) in men and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.39) in women. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Lower levels of social cohesion was associated with heightened depressive symptoms after a 3-year follow-up among older Czech, Russian and Polish adults. These effects appeared stronger in men, and alcohol and smoking played no appreciable role in this association.<br><br>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0143-005X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211063
ID  - ref1
ER  -