TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016
JO  - JAMA journal of the American Medical Association
A1  - Naghavi, Mohsen
A1  - Marczak, Laurie B.
A1  - Kutz, Michael
A1  - Shackelford, Katya Anne
A1  - Arora, Megha
A1  - Miller-Petrie, Molly
A1  - Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine
A1  - Akseer, Nadia
A1  - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
A1  - Alam, Khurshid
A1  - Alghnam, Suliman A.
A1  - Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
A1  - Aremu, Olatunde
A1  - Arora, Amit
A1  - Asadi-Lari, Mohsen
A1  - Assadi, Reza
A1  - Atey, Tesfay Mehari
A1  - Avila-Burgos, Leticia
A1  - Awasthi, Ashish
A1  - Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
A1  - Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
A1  - Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
A1  - Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
A1  - Behzadifar, Masoud
A1  - Behzadifar, Meysam
A1  - Bennett, James R.
A1  - Bhalla, Ashish
A1  - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
A1  - Bilal, Arebu Issa
A1  - Borges, Guilherme L. G.
A1  - Borschmann, Rohan
A1  - Brazinova, Alexandra
A1  - Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar
A1  - Carvalho, Felix
A1  - Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
A1  - Dandona, Lalit
A1  - Dandona, Rakhi
A1  - Dargan, Paul I.
A1  - De Leo, Diego
A1  - Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
A1  - Ding, Eric L.
A1  - Phuc Do, Huyen
A1  - Doku, David Teye
A1  - Doyle, Kerrie E.
A1  - Driscoll, Tim Robert
A1  - Edessa, Dumessa
A1  - El-Khatib, Ziad
A1  - Endries, Aman Yesuf
A1  - Esteghamati, Alireza
A1  - Faro, Andre
A1  - Farzadfar, Farshad
A1  - Feigin, Valery L.
A1  - Fischer, Florian
A1  - Foreman, Kyle J.
A1  - Franklin, Richard Charles
A1  - Fullman, Nancy
A1  - Futran, Neal D.
A1  - Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
A1  - Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma
A1  - Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
A1  - Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan
A1  - Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
A1  - Haro, Josep Maria
A1  - Hassen, Hamid Yimam
A1  - Hawley, Caitlin
A1  - Hendrie, Delia
A1  - Hijar, Martha
A1  - Hu, Guoqing
A1  - Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
A1  - Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
A1  - James, Spencer L.
A1  - Jayaraman, Sudha
A1  - Jonas, Jost B.
A1  - Kahsay, Amaha
A1  - Kasaeian, Amir
A1  - Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
A1  - Khader, Yousef
A1  - Khalil, Ibrahim A.
A1  - Khang, Young-Ho
A1  - Khubchandani, Jagdish
A1  - Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar
A1  - Kieling, Christian
A1  - Kim, Yun Jin
A1  - Kosen, Soewarta
A1  - Krohn, Kristopher J.
A1  - Kumar, G. Anil
A1  - Lami, Faris Hasan
A1  - Lansingh, Van C.
A1  - Larson, Heidi Jane
A1  - Linn, Shai
A1  - Lunevicius, Raimundas
A1  - Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan
A1  - Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed
A1  - Malekzadeh, Reza
A1  - Carvalho Malta, Deborah
A1  - Mason-Jones, Amanda J.
A1  - Matzopoulos, Richard
A1  - Memiah, Peter T. N.
A1  - Mendoza, Walter
A1  - Meretoja, Tuomo J.
A1  - Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
A1  - Miller, Ted R.
A1  - Mohammed, Shafiu
A1  - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
A1  - Mori, Rintaro
A1  - Nand, Devina
A1  - Tat Nguyen, Cuong
A1  - Le Nguyen, Quyen
A1  - Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
A1  - Akpojene Ogbo, Felix
A1  - Olagunju, Andrew T.
A1  - Patton, George C.
A1  - Phillips, Michael R.
A1  - Polinder, Suzanne
A1  - Pourmalek, Farshad
A1  - Qorbani, Mostafa
A1  - Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin
A1  - Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
A1  - Rahman, Mahfuzar
A1  - Rai, Rajesh Kumar
A1  - Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
A1  - Rawaf, David Laith
A1  - Rawaf, Salman
A1  - Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali
A1  - Safdarian, Mahdi
A1  - Safiri, Saeid
A1  - Sagar, Rajesh
A1  - Salama, Joseph S.
A1  - Sanabria, Juan
A1  - Santric Milicevic, Milena M.
A1  - Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo
A1  - Sartorius, Benn
A1  - Satpathy, Maheswar
A1  - Schwebel, David C.
A1  - Seedat, Soraya
A1  - Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
A1  - Shaikh, Masood Ali
A1  - Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse
A1  - Shiue, Ivy
A1  - Singh, Jasvinder A.
A1  - Sisay, Mekonnen
A1  - Skirbekk, Vegard
A1  - Soares Filho, Adauto Martins
A1  - Stein, Dan J.
A1  - Stokes, Mark Andrew
A1  - Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
A1  - Swaroop, Mamta
A1  - Sykes, Bryan L.
A1  - Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
A1  - Tadese, Fentaw
A1  - Tran, Bach Xuan
A1  - Thanh Tran, Tung
A1  - Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
A1  - Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
A1  - Vlassov, Vasily
A1  - Werdecker, Andrea
A1  - Ye, Pengpeng
A1  - Yip, Paul
A1  - Yonemoto, Naohiro
A1  - Younis, Mustafa Z.
A1  - Zaidi, Zoubida
A1  - El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa
A1  - Hay, Simon I.
A1  - Lim, Stephen S.
A1  - Lopez, Alan D.
A1  - Mokdad, Ali H.
A1  - Vos, Theo
A1  - Murray, Christopher J. L.
SP  - 792
EP  - 814
VL  - 320
IS  - 8
N2  - IMPORTANCE: Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. <br><br>DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. <br><br>EXPOSURES: Firearm ownership and access. <br><br>MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. <br><br>RESULTS: Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5% (95% UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95% UI, 172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95% UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95% UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27% were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95% UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95% UI, 18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (-0.2% [95% UI, -0.8% to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95% UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95% UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95% UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.35). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0098-7484
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.10060
ID  - ref1
ER  -