TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Bell ringers: factors related to concussive events in children playing tackle football
JO  - Journal of Pediatric Health Care
A1  - Hirst, Rayna B.
A1  - Haas, Amie L.
A1  - Teague, Anna M.
A1  - Whittington, L. Taighlor
A1  - Taylor, Eric
SP  - 14
EP  - 25
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Sports-related concussion is a significant pediatric health risk, given the number of children involved in sports and the vulnerability of developing brains. Although most research has focused on high school/college athletes, these findings may not be applicable to younger athletes. <br><br>METHOD: A mixed-methods analysis examined concussion incidence and sequelae in a cohort of 8- to 13-year-old males (N = 31) playing youth football and their parents. Parents provided background information and completed mood/behavioral questionnaires, and each athlete completed a neuropsychological battery. <br><br>RESULTS: Eight athletes (26%) had a history of concussion before assessment. Concussion risk was related to lack of medical evaluation in prior concussions, tackling exposure (in both offensive and defensive positions), and multisport participation. There were no cognitive or psychological differences based on concussion history. <br><br>DISCUSSION: Findings identify factors that may contribute to concussion risk in children and show the need for further research in this understudied population.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.    Keywords: American football <p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0891-5245
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.05.009
ID  - ref1
ER  -