TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - The relationship between smoking and suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder
JO  - Archives of suicide research
A1  - Holma, K. Mikael
A1  - Holma, Irina
A1  - Ketokivi, Mikko
A1  - Oquendo, Maria A.
A1  - Isometsä, Erkki
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Smoking frequently associates with suicidal behavior, but also with confounding other risk factors. We investigated, whether smoking independently predicts suicidal ideation, attempts (SAs), or modifies risk of SAs during major depressive episodes (MDEs). <br><br>METHODS: In the Vantaa Depression Study (VDS), a five-year prospective study of psychiatric patients (N = 269) with major depressive disorder (MDD), we investigated the association of suicidal ideation and smoking, and smoking as an independent risk factor for SAs in two-level analyses of risk during MDEs. <br><br>RESULTS: Smoking was not significantly associated with suicidal ideation, nor SAs after controlling for confounding factors, and no evidence of a significant effect during MDEs was found. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Smoking was neither significantly associated with suicidal ideation, nor predicted suicide attempts.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1381-1118
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1480986
ID  - ref1
ER  -