TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Changes in self-efficacy and outcome expectations from child participation in bicycle trains for commuting to and from school
JO  - Health education and behavior
A1  - Huang, Cathy
A1  - Dannenberg, Andrew L.
A1  - Haaland, Wren
A1  - Mendoza, Jason A.
SP  - 748
EP  - 755
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Active commuting to school (ACS) is associated with increased physical activity and lowered risk of obesity. In observational studies, ACS was associated with child self-efficacy, parent self-efficacy, and parent outcome expectations, although few experiments have assessed changes in these behavioral constructs. <br><br>AIM: This study examined the effects of a bicycle train intervention (BTI) on child self-efficacy, parent self-efficacy, and parent outcome expectations in a diverse, low socioeconomic status population. <br><br>METHOD: Data were from a 2014 BTI pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) on fourth to fifth graders aged 9 to 12 years, n = 54, from four schools serving low-income populations in Seattle, Washington. The BTI was a group of children and study staff who cycled together to/from school daily, while controls received no intervention. Responses to validated child self-efficacy, parent self-efficacy, and parent outcome expectations questionnaires ranged from 1 to 3. Adjusted linear mixed effects models estimated standardized coefficients for child self-efficacy, parent self-efficacy, and parent outcome expectations comparing intervention and controls from Time 1 (preintervention) to Time 2 (final 4-6 weeks of intervention). <br><br>RESULTS: The intervention group had increases in child self-efficacy of 0.84 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.37, 1.31]), parent self-efficacy of 0.46 standard deviations (95% CI [0.05, 0.86]), and parent outcome expectations of 0.47 standard deviations (95% CI [0.17, 0.76]) compared with controls from Times 1 to 2 (all ps <.05). <br><br>CONCLUSION: A BTI improved child self-efficacy, parent self-efficacy, and parent outcome expectations, which warrants a larger RCT to examine long-term changes to these behavioral constructs and ACS.    Keywords: SR2S<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1090-1981
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118769346
ID  - ref1
ER  -