TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - What definition is used to describe second impact syndrome in sports? A systematic and critical review
JO  - Current sports medicine reports
A1  - Stovitz, Steven D.
A1  - Weseman, Jonathan D.
A1  - Hooks, Matthew C.
A1  - Schmidt, Robert J.
A1  - Koffel, Jonathan B.
A1  - Patricios, Jon S.
SP  - 50
EP  - 55
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Concern about what has been termed, "second impact syndrome" (SIS) is a major factor determining return-to-play decisions after concussion. However, definitions of SIS vary. We used Scopus to conduct a systematic review and categorize the definitions used to describe SIS. Of the 91 sources identified, 79 (87%) clearly specified that SIS involved either cerebral edema or death after a concussion when a prior concussion had not resolved. Twelve articles (13%) could be interpreted as merely the events of two consecutive concussions. Among the articles that listed mortality rates, nearly all (33/35, 94%) said the rate of death was "high" (e.g., 50% to 100%). Our review found that most articles define SIS as a syndrome requiring catastrophic brain injury after consecutive concussive episodes. Given that it is unclear how common it is to have a second concussion while not fully recovered from a first concussion, the actual mortality rate of SIS is unknown.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1537-890X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000326
ID  - ref1
ER  -