TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Notes from the field: Cardiac dysrhythmias after loperamide abuse - New York, 2008-2016
JO  - MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report
A1  - Eggleston, William
A1  - Marraffa, Jeanna M.
A1  - Stork, Christine M.
A1  - Mercurio-Zappala, Maria
A1  - Su, Mark K.
A1  - Wightman, Rachel S.
A1  - Cummings, Karen R.
A1  - Schier, Joshua G.
SP  - 1276
EP  - 1277
VL  - 65
IS  - 45
N2  - Loperamide is an over-the-counter antidiarrheal with opioid-receptor agonist properties. Recommended over-the-counter doses (range = 2-8 mg daily) do not produce opioid effects in the central nervous system because of poor oral bioavailability and P-glycoprotein efflux* of the medication (1); recent reports suggest that large doses (50-300 mg) of loperamide produce euphoria, central nervous system depression, and cardiotoxicity (2-4). Abuse of loperamide for its euphoric effect or for self-treatment of opioid withdrawal is increasing (5). Cases of loperamide abuse reported to the Upstate New York Poison Center and New York City Poison Control Center were analyzed for demographic, exposure, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Cases of intentional loperamide abuse reported to the National Poison Database System (NPDS) also were analyzed for demographic, dose, formulation, and outcome information.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0149-2195
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6545a7
ID  - ref1
ER  -