TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Analysis of injury mechanisms in head injuries in skiers and snowboarders
JO  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
A1  - Bailly, Nicolas
A1  - Afquir, Sanae
A1  - Laporte, Jean-Dominique
A1  - Melot, Anthony
A1  - Savary, Dominique
A1  - Seigneuret, Eric
A1  - Delay, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Donnadieu, Thierry
A1  - Masson, Catherine
A1  - Arnoux, Pierre-Jean
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: Mechanisms of injury and description of head impacts leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in skiers and snowboarders have not been extensively documented. We investigate snow-sport crashes leading to TBI in order to (1) Identify typical mechanisms leading to TBI to better target prevention measures and (2) Identify the injury mechanisms and the head impact conditions. <br><br>METHODS: The subjects were skiers and snowboarders diagnosed of TBI and admitted between 2013 and 2015 to one of the 15 medical offices and 3 hospital centers involved in the study. The survey includes the description of the patients (age, sex, practice, skill-level, and helmet use), of the crash (type, location, estimated speed, causes, and fall description) and of the injuries sustained (symptoms, head trauma scores, other injuries). Sketches were used to describe the crash and impact locations. Clustering methods were used to distinguish profiles of injured participants. <br><br>RESULTS: 295 skiers and 71 snowboarders were interviewed. The most frequent type of mechanism was falls (54%), followed by collision between users (18%), and jumps (15%). Collision with obstacle (13%) caused the most serious TBI. 3 categories of patients were identified. First, men aged 16-25 years are more involved in crash at high speed or in connection with a jump. Second, women, children (<16 years) and beginners are particularly injured in collisions between users. Third, aged more than 50 years, usually non-helmeted, are frequently involved in falls. Ten crash scenarios were identified. Falling head first is the most frequent of skiers' falls (28%). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Crash scenarios leading to TBI were identified and associated with profiles of injured participants. Those results should help to better target TBI prevention and protection campaigns.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0195-9131
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001078
ID  - ref1
ER  -