TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2001//
TI  - Human Variability Correction Factors for Use with Simplified Engineering Tools for Predicting Pain and Second Degree Skin Burns
JO  - Journal of fire protection engineering
A1  - Wieczorek, C. J.
A1  - Dembsey, N.A.
SP  - 88
EP  - 111
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - It is important that the practicing fire protection engineer has tools that are computationally easy to use to simulate thermal injury to the skin. This paper presents a brief review of skin damage and the tools that exist for predicting pain and superficial 2nd degree burns due to radiant exposure. New simplified equations for calculating the t ime to pain and superficial 2nd degree burns for a reference state o f the skin are presented. The variation in skin properties: pain receptor depth, initial skin temperature, and epidermal thickness, as a function of age, sex, occupation, and personal habits are examined. The range of variation in these properties for a diverse population are used to develop correction factors for the s implified equations.<p />
LA  - 
SN  - 1042-3915
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -