TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Harm avoidance is associated with progression of parkinsonism in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study
JO  - BMC geriatrics
A1  - Buchman, Aron S.
A1  - Yu, Lei
A1  - Wilson, Robert S.
A1  - Shulman, Joshua M.
A1  - Boyle, Patricia A.
A1  - Bennett, David A.
SP  - 54
EP  - 54
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that harm avoidance, a trait associated with behavioral inhibition, is associated with the rate of change in parkinsonism in older adults. <br><br>METHODS: At baseline harm avoidance was assessed with a standard self-report instrument in 969 older people without dementia participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal community-based cohort study. Parkinsonism was assessed annually with a modified version of the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (mUPDRS). <br><br>RESULTS: Average follow-up was 5 years. A linear mixed-effects model controlling for age, sex and education showed that for an average participant (female, 80 years old at baseline, with 14 years of education and a harm avoidance score of 10), the overall severity of parkinsonism increased by about 0.05 unit/ year (Estimate, 0.054, S.E., 0.007, p <0.001) and that the level of harm avoidance was associated with the progression of parkinsonism (Estimate, 0.004, S.E., 0.001, p <0.001). Thus, for an average participant, every 6 point (~1 SD) increase in harm avoidance score at baseline, the rate of progression of parkinsonism increased about 50% compared to an individual with an average harm avoidance score. This amount of change in parkinsonism over the course of the study was associated with about a 5% increased risk of death. The association between harm avoidance and progression of parkinsonism persisted when controlling for cognitive function, depressive symptoms, loneliness, neuroticism, late-life cognitive, social and physical activities and chronic health conditions. <br><br>CONCLUSION: A higher level of the harm avoidance trait is associated with a more rapid progression of parkinsonism in older adults.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1471-2318
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-14-54
ID  - ref1
ER  -