TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2013//
TI  - Attachment and self-consciousness: A dynamic connection between schizophrenia and panic
JO  - Medical hypotheses
A1  - Veras, Andre B.
A1  - Nardi, Antonio E.
A1  - Kahn, Jeffrey P.
SP  - 792
EP  - 796
VL  - 81
IS  - 5
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Attachment theory offers an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of panic states. The distance between a mother and child causes the sensation of fear. The experience of feared annihilation, an intense fear reaction (panic), is presented as a threat to the individual's cohesiveness, disrupting the mental representation of self-consciousness, specifically self-unity. Alterations in self-consciousness in schizophrenia are so important that they are mostly included among Kurt Schneider's first-ranked symptoms. HYPOTHESES: Based on clinical trials, case reports, and brain imaging and pharmacological studies, a paradigm is proposed to explain the relationship between panic anxiety and psychosis. CONCLUSION: The psychosis-anxiety pathophysiology explanation needs further investigation into the brain areas that integrate self-monitoring with fear areas, but it seems possible to note the importance of the anterior cingulate cortex.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0306-9877
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.021
ID  - ref1
ER  -