TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2013//
TI  - Health impacts of pedestrian head-loading: A review of the evidence with particular reference to women and children in sub-Saharan Africa
JO  - Social science and medicine (1982)
A1  - Porter, Gina
A1  - Hampshire, Kate
A1  - Dunn, Christine
A1  - Hall, Richard
A1  - Levesley, Martin
A1  - Burton, Kim
A1  - Robson, Steve
A1  - Abane, Albert M.
A1  - Blell, Mwenza
A1  - Panther, Julia
SP  - 90
EP  - 97
VL  - 88
IS  - 
N2  - Across sub-Saharan Africa, women and children play major roles as pedestrian load-transporters, in the widespread absence of basic sanitation services, electricity and affordable/reliable motorised transport. The majority of loads, including water and firewood for domestic purposes, are carried on the head. Load-carrying has implications not only for school attendance and performance, women's time budgets and gender relations, but arguably also for health and well-being. We report findings from a comprehensive review of relevant literature, undertaken June-September 2012, focussing particularly on biomechanics, maternal health, and the psycho-social impacts of load-carrying; we also draw from our own research. Key knowledge gaps and areas for future research are highlighted.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0277-9536
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.010
ID  - ref1
ER  -