TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - Psychiatric challenges in the first 6 years after traumatic brain injury: cross-sequential analyses of Axis I disorders
JO  - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
A1  - Ashman, Teresa A.
A1  - Spielman, Lisa A.
A1  - Hibbard, Mary R.
A1  - Silver, Jonathan M.
A1  - Chandna, Tina
A1  - Gordon, Wayne A.
SP  - S36
EP  - 42
VL  - 85
IS  - 4 Suppl 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the preinjury rates of Axis I disorders and the prospective rates within the first 6 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential. SETTING: Community-based research and training center. PARTICIPANTS: Persons (N=188) who had sustained TBI within 4 years of enrollment into the project were interviewed at either 2 and 3 assessments. Each assessment was approximately 1 year apart. Several Axis I diagnoses were analyzed to detect cross-sectional differences (by age and time postinjury) and average individual changes over the multiple measurement time points. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. RESULTS: The odds ratios changed longitudinally within each subject, indicating a decreased probability of having an Axis I diagnosis over time. There were few cross-sectional differences in age; therefore, age at the time of injury had little impact on Axis I diagnoses. Cross-sectional time since injury was not associated with more psychiatric disorders, whereas cross-sectional preinjury history of psychiatric disorders was predictive of postinjury psychiatric disorders. After controlling for cross-sectional effects, the frequencies of Axis I disorders increased in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorders in the first assessment postinjury and declined in subsequent assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sequential analyses that control for cross-sectional and longitudinal differences produced a more complete description of psychiatric disorders after TBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0003-9993
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -