TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1989//
TI  - Witnessing spouse abuse and experiencing physical abuse: A "double whammy"?
JO  - Journal of family violence
A1  - Hughes, Honore M.
A1  - Parkinson, Donna
A1  - Vargo, Michael
SP  - 197
EP  - 209
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
N2  - Child witnesses to parental violence, both abused (N =40) and nonabused (N =44), who were temporarily residing in a battered women's shelter were compared with children from a similar economic background (N =66) on measures of anxiety, depression, and behavior problems. Mothers of the three groups of children (comparison, witness, abused/witness) across the age range from 4 to 12 years completed a behavior problem inventory; the youngsters responded to paper-and-pencil self-report measures. Results indicated that the abused/witness children were manifesting significantly more distress on the behavior problem measure than the comparison youngsters, with the witness children showing a moderate amount and the comparison children the least. However, these patterns were mediated by the age of the child. Implications of these differential findings are discussed.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 0885-7482
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006629
ID  - ref1
ER  -