TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2012//
TI  - Analysis of clothing and urine from moscow theatre siege casualties reveals carfentanil and remifentanil use
JO  - Journal of analytical toxicology
A1  - Riches, James R.
A1  - Read, Robert W.
A1  - Black, Robin M.
A1  - Cooper, Nicholas J.
A1  - Timperley, Christopher M.
SP  - 647
EP  - 656
VL  - 36
IS  - 9
N2  - On October 26, 2002, Russian Special Forces deployed a chemical aerosol against Chechen terrorists to rescue hostages in the Dubrovka theatre. Its use confirmed Russian military interest in chemicals with effects on personnel and caused 125 deaths through a combination of the aerosol and inadequate medical care. This study provides evidence from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of extracts of clothing from two British survivors, and urine from a third survivor, that the aerosol comprised a mixture of two anaesthetics-carfentanil and remifentanil-whose relative proportions this study was unable to identify. Carfentanil and remifentanil were found on a shirt sample and a metabolite called norcarfentanil was found in a urine sample. This metabolite probably originated from carfentanil.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0146-4760
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bks078
ID  - ref1
ER  -