TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2010//
TI  - Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface
JO  - Landslides
A1  - Uchimura, Taro
A1  - Towhata, Ikuo
A1  - Lan Anh, Trinh
A1  - Fukuda, Jou
A1  - Bautista, Carlos
A1  - Wang, Lin
A1  - Seko, Ichiro
A1  - Uchida, Taro
A1  - Matsuoka, Akira
A1  - Ito, Yosuke
A1  - Onda, Yuichi
A1  - Iwagami, Sho
A1  - Kim, Min-Seok
A1  - Sakai, Naoki
SP  - 351
EP  - 357
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
N2  - A low-cost and simple monitoring method for early warning of landslides is proposed. To detect abnormal deformation of a slope, this method employs a tilt sensor in place of an extensometer on the slope surface. In order to examine the relevance of measuring rotation angle on a slope surface by tilt sensor, model tests were conducted, and rotation on the slope surface was observed together with slide displacement along the surface. The rotation data responded 30 min before failure in a model test, which could be useful as a signal for early warning. However, the behavior of rotation before failure varies from case to case, and thus, criteria to issue warning should be defined more carefully. For a model slope made of uniform loose sand, measurement of slide displacement along the slope surface is sensitive to failure at the toe, while the measurement of rotation on the slope surface is useful to detect the development of progressive failure upward along the slope. Wireless sensor units with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor were also examined on a real slope in Kobe City, and a long-term monitoring was attempted. A simple but possible way to define the criteria of judgment to issue warning can be proposed based on combination of data obtained by the tilt sensors and volumetric water content sensors.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1612-510X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0178-z
ID  - ref1
ER  -