TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2012//
TI  - Skin penetration surrogate for the evaluation of less lethal kinetic energy munitions
JO  - Forensic science international
A1  - Bir, Cynthia A.
A1  - Resslar, Marianne
A1  - Stewart, Shelby
SP  - 126
EP  - 129
VL  - 220
IS  - 1-3
N2  - Although the benefits of the use of less lethal kinetic energy munitions are numerous, there is a need to evaluate the munitions prior to deployment to ensure their intended effect. The objective of the current research was to validate a surrogate that could be used to predict the risk of penetration of these devices. Existing data from biomechanical testing with post-mortem human specimens (PMHS) served as the foundation for this research. Development of the surrogate involved simulating the various layers of the skin and underlying soft tissues using a combination of materials. A standardized 12-gauge impactor was used to assess each combination. The energy density that resulted in a 50% risk of penetration for the anterior thorax region (23.99J/cm(2)) from the previous research was matched using a specific combination of layers. Twelve various combinations of materials were tested with the 50% risk of penetration determined. The final validated surrogate consisted of a Laceration Assessment Layer (LAL) of natural chamois and .6cm of closed-cell foam over a Penetration Assessment Layer (PAL) of 20% ordnance gelatin. This surrogate predicted a 50% risk of penetration at 23.88J/cm(2). Injury risk curves for the PMHS and surrogate development work are presented.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0379-0738
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.008
ID  - ref1
ER  -