TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2001//
TI  - The relationship between gender, depression, and self-esteem in children who have witnessed domestic violence
JO  - Child abuse and neglect
A1  - Reynolds, M. W.
A1  - Wallace, J.
A1  - Hill, T. F.
A1  - Weist, Mark D.
A1  - Nabors, Laura A.
SP  - 1201
EP  - 1206
VL  - 25
IS  - 9
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are measurable gender differences in self-esteem and depression in elementary school-age children who have witnessed domestic violence. METHOD: Forty-five elementary school-age children who were identified as having witnessed domestic violence, and their teachers were surveyed for self-esteem, depression, and classroom behaviors. The results were compared between males and females using linear regression modeling. RESULTS: No significant gender differences were found for self-esteem and depression. An interaction between gender and post-traumatic stress was found to play a significant role in the interpretation of the results. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that higher levels of symptoms indicative of post-traumatic stress were associated with greater numbers of depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem for boys who had witnessed domestic violence. The results appeared similar to previous work with children and their emotional reactions to divorce.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0145-2134
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -