TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2012//
TI  - Parsing the Effects Violence Exposure in Early Childhood: Modeling Developmental Pathways
JO  - Journal of pediatric psychology
A1  - Briggs-Gowan, Margaret J.
A1  - Carter, Alice S.
A1  - Ford, Julian D.
SP  - 11
EP  - 22
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine pathways from early childhood violence exposure and trauma-related symptoms to school-age emotional health. METHODS: A longitudinal, birth cohort (N = 437) was assessed with parent reports of lifetime violence exposure and trauma-related symptoms at 3 years of age and later, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and social competence at school age. RESULTS: Early family and neighborhood violence correlated significantly with early trauma-related symptoms and also significantly predicted school-age internalizing and externalizing symptoms and poorer competence, independent of sociodemographic risk and past-year violence exposure. Longitudinal pathways were significantly mediated by arousal and avoidance symptoms at 3 years of age, which increased risk for clinically significant emotional problems and lower competence at school age (adjusted odds ratios = 3.1-6.1, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Trauma-related symptoms may mediate developmental pathways from early violence exposure to later emotional health. Interventions that prevent or reduce early trauma-related symptoms may ameliorate the long-term deleterious impact of violence exposure.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0146-8693
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsr063
ID  - ref1
ER  -