TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Venom Peptide Modulators of the Immune System
JO  - Inflammation and allergy - drug targets
A1  - Inserra, Marco C.
A1  - Lewis, Richard J.
SP  - 399
EP  - 410
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
N2  - Venomous animals produce a diverse range of peptides and small molecules that are of both therapeutic and pharmacologic value. One such animal, the cone snail, produces peptides known as conotoxins, which may be of interest to those studying the mammalian immune system. Conotoxins are a family of venom peptides that display extraordinary diversity and often exquisite specificity for membrane protein targets, especially voltage and ligand activated ion channels. Conopeptides are proving to be important pharmacological tools to probe human physiology, with some showing promise as therapeutics for conditions such as neuropathic pain. The potential of these peptides to interact and modulate the human immune system has not been investigated despite literature suggestions that conotoxins could be valuable research tools and potential therapeutics in area of immunology. Known pharmacological targets of conopeptides expressed by immunocompetent cells include Kv, Cav, nicotinic and acetylcholine receptors. In addition, the 5-HT3, GABAB and NMDA receptors that are not considered classic immunomodulators but may play a secondary role in modulating immune responses. This review highlights venom peptides with potential to act at immunological targets within the mammalian immune system.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1871-5281
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -