TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - Gene–Environment Contributions to the Development of Infant Vagal Reactivity: The Interaction of Dopamine and Maternal Sensitivity
JO  - Child development
A1  - Propper, Cathi
A1  - Moore, Ginger A.
A1  - Mills‐Koonce, W. Roger
A1  - Halpern, Carolyn Tucker
A1  - Hill‐Soderlund, Ashley L.
A1  - Calkins, Susan D.
A1  - Carbone, Mary Anna
A1  - Cox, Martha
SP  - 1377
EP  - 1394
VL  - 79
IS  - 5
N2  - This study investigated dopamine receptor genes (DRD2 and DRD4) and maternal sensitivity as predictors of infant respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and RSA reactivity, purported indices of vagal tone and vagal regulation, in a challenge task at 3, 6, and 12 months in 173 infant–mother dyads. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) revealed that at 3 and 6 months, RSA withdrawal in response to maternal separation was greater (suggesting expected physiological regulation) in infants without the DRD2 risk allele than those with the risk allele. At 12 months, infants with the risk allele who were also exposed to maternal sensitivity showed levels of RSA withdrawal comparable to infants who were not at genetic risk. Findings demonstrate the importance of developmental analysis of gene–environment interaction.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0009-3920
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01194.x
ID  - ref1
ER  -