TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta‐analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior
JO  - Developmental psychobiology
A1  - Alink, Lenneke R. A.
A1  - van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
A1  - Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.
A1  - Mesman, Judi
A1  - Juffer, Femmie
A1  - Koot, Hans M.
SP  - 427
EP  - 450
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
N2  - An inverse relation between cortisol (re)activity and externalizing behavior has been hypothesized, but research findings seem equivocal. We tested this hypo(re)activity hypothesis in two meta-analyses, one for basal cortisol (k = 72 studies, N = 5,480) and one for cortisol reactivity to a stressor (k = 29 studies, N = 2,601). No association was found between cortisol reactivity and externalizing behaviors (r = −.04, 95% CI = −.11, .02). However, the relation between basal cortisol and externalizing behavior was significant but small (r = −.05, 95% CI = −.10, −.002). The age of the children significantly moderated this relation: Externalizing behavior was associated with higher basal cortisol (hyperactivity) in preschoolers (r = .09, 95% CI = .002, .17), and with lower basal cortisol (hypoactivity) in elementary school-aged children (r = −.14, 95% CI = −.19, −.08). There was no significant relation between cortisol and externalizing behavior in adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 427–450, 2008.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0012-1630
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20300
ID  - ref1
ER  -