TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2010//
TI  - General Risk and Need, Gender Specificity, and the Recidivism of Female Offenders
JO  - Criminal justice and behavior
A1  - Andrews, D. A.
A1  - Rettinger, L. Jill
SP  - 29
EP  - 46
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
N2  - The study examined the predictive performance of social cognitive variables derived from a gender-neutral theory of criminal behavior in relation to several variables suggested as relevant by feminist perspectives. Multivariate analyses revealed that eight gender-neutral risk factors—assessed via the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI)—performed very well in the prediction of the general and violent recidivism of more than 400 adult female offenders. None of the gender-specific factors, including parenting responsibility and stress, victimization history, and self-harm, had incremental validity over the gender-neutral risk and need variables. However, financial problems and a measure of personal misfortune did predict reoffending among low-risk/low-need women. The findings suggest that risk factors derived from a gender-neutral social cognitive theory of crime are relevant for adult females and that perhaps gender-specific concerns may be best viewed as specific responsivity factors.<p />
LA  - 
SN  - 0093-8548
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854809349438
ID  - ref1
ER  -