TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2001//
TI  - Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship among combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and alcohol use
JO  - Journal of Traumatic Stress
A1  - McLeod, D. Scott
A1  - Koenen, Karestan C.
A1  - Meyer, Joanne M.
A1  - Lyons, Michael J.
A1  - Eisen, Seth
A1  - True, William
A1  - Goldberg, Jack
SP  - 259
EP  - 275
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - The role of genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol use were examined in 4072 male—male twin pairs who served in the United States military during the Vietnam era (1965–1975). Results indicate that the relationship between combat and alcohol use and between PTSD symptom factors and alcohol use were both substantially influenced by genetic factors. Findings are most consistent with a shared vulnerability model for the etiology of the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. Specific unique environmental factors were more important than genetic factors for PTSD symptoms, and both factors were equally important for alcohol use. Further support is also found for the role of the unique environment in PTSD symptoms.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0894-9867
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011157800050
ID  - ref1
ER  -