TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - The effects of child maltreatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
JO  - Trauma, violence, and abuse
A1  - Van Voorhees, Elizabeth
A1  - Scarpa, Angela
SP  - 333
EP  - 352
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - Abnormal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a critical mammalian stress response system, has been associated with emotional responses such as anxiety and depression, as well as with behavioral and cognitive processes such as aggression, learning and memory deficits, and failure of response inhibition. This review examines the evidence for HPA axis dysregulation related to childhood maltreatment. It is concluded that child maltreatment may lead to disruptions in HPA axis functioning, and that factors such as age of maltreatment, parental responsiveness, subsequent exposure to stressors, type of maltreatment, and type of psychopathology or behavioral disturbance displayed may influence the degree and patterning of HPA disturbance.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1524-8380
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838004269486
ID  - ref1
ER  -