Both Murray and Simoneit take their starting point from the dictum that personality must be studied as a whole, a dictum which leads to a few general principles. Murray lists 8 such principles, 7 of which find a counterpart in Simoneit. The general procedures of the 2 investigators show great similarities, and out of 8 of Murray's main specific procedures 5 have a counterpart in Simoneit. Differences between the 2 methods are due to the fundamental divergence in aims. "It is an evidence of the significance of this type of approach [multiple diagnosis] that two psychologists in different cultures and countries should independently arrive at such similar methods." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)