TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2003//
TI  - Modification and validation of human neck model under direct head loading
JO  - Proceedings: International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles
A1  - Ejima, S.
A1  - Wittek, A.
A1  - Ono, Koshiro
A1  - Yamazaki, K.
SP  - 8 p.
EP  - 8 p.
VL  - 2003
IS  - 
N2  - In the present study, the effects of cervical spine initial alignment, muscle activity, and the selected properties of trachea, vena cava and inactivated muscles on the responses of a finite element model of a cervical spine (H-Model by the ESI Group) under direct head loading were investigated. The modelling results were compared with those of volunteers. The present results suggest the following: Properties of inactivated muscles, vena cava and trachea greatly affect the general head motion; Maximum isometric force plays an important role in resisting neck extension; and Reflex time determining the start of generation of active muscle force considerably affects the angular displacement of cervical vertebrae. Based on these findings, the modifications of the cervical spine H-Model were introduced. The modified model well represented the head-C7 motion, although it underestimated the head-atlas extension.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -