TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2010//
TI  - Infant Pathways to Externalizing Behavior: Evidence of Genotype × Environment Interaction
JO  - Child development
A1  - Leve, Leslie D.
A1  - Kerr, David C. R.
A1  - Shaw, Daniel
A1  - Ge, Xiaojia
A1  - Neiderhiser, Jenae M.
A1  - Scaramella, Laura V.
A1  - Reid, John B.
A1  - Conger, Rand D.
A1  - Reiss, David
SP  - 340
EP  - 356
VL  - 81
IS  - 1
N2  - <p>To further the understanding of the effects of early experiences, 9‐month‐old infants were observed during a frustration task. The analytical sample was composed of 348 linked triads of participants (adoptive parents, adopted child, and birth parent[s]) from a prospective adoption study. It was hypothesized that genetic risk for externalizing problems and affect dysregulation in the adoptive parents would independently and interactively predict a known precursor to externalizing problems: heightened infant attention to frustrating events. Results supported the moderation hypotheses involving adoptive mother affect dysregulation: Infants at genetic risk showed heightened attention to frustrating events only when the adoptive mother had higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. The Genotype × Environment interaction pattern held when substance use during pregnancy was considered.</p><p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0009-3920
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01398.x
ID  - ref1
ER  -