TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1994//
TI  - Being alone, playing alone, and acting alone: distinguishing among reticence and passive and active solitude in young children
JO  - Child development
A1  - Coplan, R. J.
A1  - Rubin, K. H.
A1  - Fox, Nathan A.
A1  - Calkins, S. D.
A1  - Stewart, S. L.
SP  - 129
EP  - 137
VL  - 65
IS  - 1
N2  - 3 forms of solitude were studied in young children--reticence (onlooker and unoccupied behavior), solitary-passive behavior (solitary-constructive and -exploratory play), and solitary-active behavior (solitary-functional and -dramatic play). 48 4-year-old children grouped in quartets of same-sex unfamiliar peers were observed in several situations. Mothers completed the Colorado Temperament Inventory. Results indicated that (1) solitary-passive, solitary-active, and reticent behaviors were nonsignificantly intercorrelated; (2) reticence was stable and associated with the demonstration of anxiety and hovering near others, whereas solitary-passive and solitary-active play were stable yet unrelated to anxiety and hovering; (3) reticence during free play was generally associated with poor performance and displays of wariness in several other social situations, while solitary-passive and -active play were not; (4) reticence was associated with maternal ratings of child shyness, while solitary-active behavior was associated with maternal ratings of impulsivity. Results are discussed in terms of the underlying mechanisms associated with reticence and passive and active withdrawal.<p /> <p>Language: en</p> 
LA  - en
SN  - 0009-3920
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -