TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2010//
TI  - Technical note: Optimisation of the defroster ducts and windshield electric resistances of a city bus with CFD analysis
JO  - International journal of vehicle design
A1  - Unverdi, Salih Ozen
A1  - Eren, Hayri
A1  - Erdem, Vadi
A1  - Sonmez, Nilgun
A1  - Emre, Alper
A1  - Bayraktar, Volkan
SP  - 199
EP  - 221
VL  - 52
IS  - 1/2/3/4
N2  - The windshield and side windows defrosting system performance of a city bus is improved with CFD analysis. The air flow rate is increased by reducing the pressure drop in the air inlet and outlet ducts. The air flow is evenly distributed among the vents by optimising the shape of the outlet duct. The heat transfer rate to the windshield is increased by adjusting the width of the vents and defrosting time is decreased by orienting the vents. The air speeds measured near the windshield increased by 350%. Defrosting 95% of the Area A on the windshield within 40 minutes, at Q-80 thermal conditions, is accomplished. But de-icing 80% of the Area B, in front of the driver, within 20 minutes cannot be fulfilled, because the defrost-box heat power is insufficient. To speed up de-icing, electric resistance wires are used as additional heat source. Air flow inside a defrost-box is analysed.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 0143-3369
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVD.2010.029644
ID  - ref1
ER  -