TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - Agricultural by-products for anti-icing and deicing use in michigan: summary
JO  - Transportation research circular
A1  - Kahl, S
SP  - 552
EP  - 554
VL  - 
IS  - E-C063
N2  - This report combines evaluating anti-icing as a winter maintenance tool and the use of agricultural by-products (ABPs) for anti-icing. Evaluation included application of ABPs on trial roadways, analysis of cost-effectiveness, ABP prewetting effect on salt usage, use of ABPs for anti-icing and deicing operations, and accident statistics review. Because ABPs are supplied from different manufacturers they are subject to variability in composition, and therefore specifications for ABPs were developed. This report summarizes the Michigan Department of Transportation anti-icing experience using ABPs during 1999-2002 winters in the southwest region. The southwest region is located in southwest lower Michigan and typically experiences heavy lake-effect winter precipitation. Several major routes pass through this region, namely Interstate 94 (I-94), I-69, U.S. Route 12 (US-12), US-31, and US-131.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0097-8515
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -