TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2001//
TI  - An inventory to measure helplessness, hopelessness, and haplessness
JO  - Psychological reports
A1  - Lester, David
SP  - 495
EP  - 498
VL  - 89
IS  - 3
N2  - Using a sample of 69 undergraduates, scales were devised to measure helplessness, hopelessness, and haplessness and shown to have good reliability. Briefer scales were also developed whose scores were independent of one another in a factor analysis. Scores for 19 male and 50 female undergraduates on the 4-item scales of Helplessness and Hopelessness were associated with two different measures of depression, but scores on Hopelessness provided the stronger correlate.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0033-2941
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -