TY - JOUR PY - 2003// TI - Introduction to layers of protection analysis JO - Journal of hazardous materials A1 - Summers, Angela E. SP - 163 EP - 168 VL - 104 IS - 1-3 N2 - Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) is a powerful analytical tool for assessing the adequacy of protection layers used to mitigate process risk. LOPA builds upon well-known process hazards analysis techniques, applying semi-quantitative measures to the evaluation of the frequency of potential incidents and the probability of failure of the protection layers. This paper will provide an overview of the LOPA process, highlighting the key considerations. LA - SN - 0304-3894 UR - http://dx.doi.org/ ID - ref1 ER -