%0 Journal Article
%T Polygenic risk and the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from childhood to young adulthood: findings from a nationally-representative cohort
%J Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
%D 2021
%A Arseneault, Louise
%A Lewis, Cathryn M.
%A Williams, Benjamin
%A Wertz, Jasmin
%A Belsky, Daniel W.
%A Sugden, Karen
%A Polanczyk, Guilherme V.
%A Moffitt, Terrie E.
%A Danese, Andrea
%A Caspi, Avshalom
%A Agnew-Blais, Jessica C.
%V ePub
%N ePub
%P ePub-ePub
%X OBJECTIVE: To understand whether genetic risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with course of the disorder across childhood and into  young adulthood. <br><br>METHOD: Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk)  Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-based birth cohort of 2,232 twins. ADHD was  assessed at ages 5, 7, 10, and 12 with mother- and teacher-report and at age 18 with  self-report. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were created using a genome-wide  association study of ADHD case status. Associations with PRS were examined at  multiple points in childhood, and longitudinally from early childhood to  adolescence. We investigated ADHD PRS and course to young adulthood, as reflected by  ADHD remission, persistence, and late-onset. <br><br>RESULTS: Individuals with higher ADHD  PRS had increased risk for meeting ADHD diagnostic criteria (ORs ranging from 1.17  at age 10 to 1.54 at age 12) and for elevated symptoms at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12. Higher PRS was longitudinally associated with more hyperactivity/impulsivity  (IRR=1.18) and inattention (IRR=1.14) from age 5 to age 12. In young adulthood,  persistent ADHD exhibited the highest PRS (mean PRS=0.37), followed by those with  remission (mean=0.21); both had higher PRS than controls (mean=-0.03), but did not  significantly differ from one another. Late-onset ADHD did not show elevated PRS for  ADHD, depression, alcohol dependence, or marijuana use disorder. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Genetic  risk scores derived from case-control GWAS may have relevance for not only incidence  of mental health disorders, but for understanding the longitudinal course of mental  health problems.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
%G en
%I Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
%@ 0890-8567
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.033