@article{ref1,
title="Startle response in behaviorally inhibited adolescents with a lifetime occurrence of anxiety disorders",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="2009",
author="Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea and Lissek, Shmuel and Henderson, Heather A. and Pérez-Edgar, Koraly E. and Degnan, Kathryn A. and Helfinstein, Sarah M. and Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany C. and Pine, Daniel S. and Grillon, C. and Fox, Nathan A.",
volume="48",
number="6",
pages="610-617",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Behaviorally inhibited children face increased risk for anxiety disorders, although factors that predict which children develop a disorder remain poorly specified. The current study examines whether the startle reflex response may be used to differentiate between behaviorally inhibited adolescents with and without a history of anxiety. METHOD: Participants were assessed for behavioral inhibition during toddlerhood and early childhood. They returned to the laboratory as adolescents and completed a fear-potentiated startle paradigm and a clinical diagnostic interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version). Magnitude of the startle reflex was examined at baseline and during cues associated with safety and threat. RESULTS: Only adolescents who showed high levels of behavioral inhibition and had a lifetime occurrence of anxiety disorders showed increased startle reactivity in the presence of safety cues. Neither behavioral inhibition nor diagnosis was related to startle reactivity during threat cues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neurobiological measures, such as the startle reflex, may be a potential risk marker for the development of anxiety disorders among behaviorally inhibited adolescents. These methods may enhance our ability to identify vulnerable individuals before the development of anxious psychopathology.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819f70fb",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819f70fb"
}