@article{ref1,
title="Maxillofacial and dental ice hockey injuries",
journal="Medicine and science in sports and exercise",
year="1988",
author="Sane, J. and Ylipaavalniemi, P. and Leppanen, H.",
volume="20",
number="2",
pages="202-207",
abstract="Maxillofacial and dental ice hockey injuries in Finland were studied during 1979 to 1985. A total of 6,885 accidents occurred to registered players between 1979 and 1982, and 791 (11.5%) of them affected the maxillofacial and dental regions. There were 1,401 separate injuries during the same period, 1,184 of which (84.5%) affected the teeth. The most common cause of accidents (in 54.1% of cases) was a blow received from a stick. Maxillofacial and dental injuries accounted for 38.0% of the total cost of all ice hockey injuries. The mean cost of maxillofacial and dental injuries was over 3 times as high as that for ice hockey injuries as a whole. The use of a mandatory full-cage face mask greatly reduced the number of maxillofacial and dental injuries and hence the cost of treatment.",
language="",
issn="0195-9131",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}