@article{ref1,
title="Violent-Crime Rates and Racial Composition: Covergence Over Time",
journal="American journal of sociology",
year="1995",
author="Liska, Allen E. and Bellair, Paul E.",
volume="101",
number="3",
pages="578-610",
abstract="Considerable research reports that racial composition strongly affects violent-crime rates. Unfortunately, most research ignores the possibility that violent-crime rates may affect racial composition. Using a sample of U. S. cities, the authors examine the reciprocal effects of racial composition and violent-crime rates over the last 40 years. While racial composition strongly affects the change in violent-crime rates from 1980 to 1990, it only minimally affects changes in rates for the previous three decades; but violent-crime rates (especially robbery) substantially affect the change in racial composition for all four decades. Indeed, robbery rates appear to play a significant role in the white flight from central cities.<p />",
language="",
issn="0002-9602",
doi="10.1086/230754",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230754"
}