@article{ref1,
title="Vicarious Violence: Spatial Effects on Southern Lynchings, 1890-1919",
journal="American journal of sociology",
year="1996",
author="Tolnay, Stewart E. and Deane, Glenn and Beck, Eva-Maria",
volume="102",
number="3",
pages="788-815",
abstract="This article considers what effect lynchings in one location had on lynchings elsewhere. The &quot;contagion&quot; model predicts that lynchings in one area increased the probability of lynchings in nearby areas, while the &quot;deterrence&quot; model expects the probability of lynchings in a given locale to decline when lynchings occurred elsewhere. County-level data for 10 southern states yield strong evidence of a negative spatial effect for three time periods (1895-99, 1905-9, and 1915-19) consistent with the deterrence model. Two interpretations for this spatial effect are: (1) whites were satisfied that local blacks were sufficiently threatened by nearby lynchings; (2) blacks altered their behavior to minimize conflict with local whites.<p />",
language="",
issn="0002-9602",
doi="10.1086/230997",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230997"
}