@article{ref1,
title="The look of fear and anger: Facial maturity modulates recognition of fearful and angry expressions",
journal="Emotion",
year="2009",
author="Sacco, Donald F. and Hugenberg, Kurt",
volume="9",
number="1",
pages="39-49",
abstract="The current series of studies provide converging evidence that facial expressions of fear and anger may have co-evolved to mimic mature and babyish faces in order to enhance their communicative signal. In Studies 1 and 2, fearful and angry facial expressions were manipulated to have enhanced babyish features (larger eyes) or enhanced mature features (smaller eyes) and in the context of a speeded categorization task in Study 1 and a visual noise paradigm in Study 2, results indicated that larger eyes facilitated the recognition of fearful facial expressions, while smaller eyes facilitated the recognition of angry facial expressions. Study 3 manipulated facial roundness, a stable structure that does not vary systematically with expressions, and found that congruency between maturity and expression (narrow face-anger; round face-fear) facilitated expression recognition accuracy. Results are discussed as representing a broad co-evolutionary relationship between facial maturity and fearful and angry facial expressions. <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1528-3542",
doi="10.1037/a0014081",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014081"
}