@article{ref1,
title="Depressed mood and drinking occasions across high school: Comparing the reciprocal causal structures of a panel of boys and girls",
journal="Journal of Adolescence",
year="2009",
author="Owens, Timothy J. and Shippee, Nathan D.",
volume="32",
number="4",
pages="763-780",
abstract="Does adolescent depressed mood portend increased or decreased drinking? Is frequent drinking positively or negatively associated with emotional well-being? Do the dynamic relations between depression and drinking differ by gender? Using block-recursive structural equation models, we explore the reciprocal short-term effects (within time, t) and the cross-lagged medium-term effects (t +1 year) and long-term effects (t+2 years) of depressed mood and monthly drinking occasions. Data come from the high school waves of the Youth Development Study, a randomly selected panel of 1015 ninth graders followed to 12th grade. We found that for both genders, depressed mood consistently decreased short-term drinking in each grade measured. However, depression increased drinking for both genders in the medium-term but only for girls in the long-term. In the other direction, drinking tended to increase depression in the short-term only among ninth-grade boys and 12th-grade girls. Observed trends and differences in the magnitude of the reciprocal effects vary by gender, with drinking being especially deleterious to emotional well-being for boys early in high school (10th grade) but for girls on the cusp of the post-high school world (12th grade).<p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0140-1971",
doi="10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.11.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.11.001"
}