@article{ref1,
title="Self-esteem and suicide ideation in psychiatric outpatients",
journal="Suicide and life-threatening behavior",
year="2008",
author="Bhar, Sunil and Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan and Brown, Gregory and Beck, Aaron T.",
volume="38",
number="5",
pages="511-516",
abstract="Depression, hopelessness, and low self-esteem are implicated as vulnerability factors for suicide ideation. The association of self-esteem with suicide ideation after controlling for depressed mood and hopelessness was examined. Adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 338) completed measures of self-esteem, suicide ideation, hopelessness, and depression. Self-esteem was operationalized as beliefs about oneself (self-based self-esteem) and beliefs about how other people regard oneself (other-based self-esteem). Each dimension of self-esteem was negatively associated with suicide ideation after controlling for depression and hopelessness. Of the two dimensions of self-esteem, other-based self-esteem was the more robust predictor of suicide ideation. These findings suggest that even in the context of depression and hopelessness, low self-esteem may add to the risk for suicide ideation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0363-0234",
doi="10.1521/suli.2008.38.5.511",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.5.511"
}